2011 – MyNich

22Dec, 2011

Search-Engine Registration

Let the world find you!
Register your domain name (Web site) at over 150 search engines in the world!
We use our proprietary XML-RPC client-server system to ping/submit your Web site information to the most important search engines and blog registration systems in the world.
Once we ping all XML-RPC servers in our list, they will queue a visit to your Web site to be crawled and add your Web’s most significant information to their search engines at a later date/time. The XML-RPC servers will capture and register all of your web site contents which ultimately means that your information will be available to others all over the world.

We comply with the latest XML-RPC v.2.0 specification

Optionally, we can also track changes and submit changes to news, announcements, and blogs-oriented websites all over the world.
The XML-RPC technology launched in late 1999 when XML-RPC was quite young and there weren’t many web-Blogs. Today, the XML-RPC technology is widely deployed and the XML-RPC community has grown from a few hundred sites to many millions. In fact, all of the new WorldPress, Drupal, NETLOGO, and most others Web site and Content Management Systems (CMS applications), use the XML-RPC technology. WordPress alone, which relays in this technology, has already reported over 65 million users of this technology. See more at: http://codex.wordpress.org/XML-RPC_Support
Don’t be left out of this new technology. We can accommodate any type of Web site to use our XML-RPC technology to your own advantage. Order this service today!
Select this item “once” for each domain name you wish to register.
Some restrictions apply:
1) All submissions will take place on or before the next 7 business days.
2) No refunds are offered for this service. Even in the situation where a customer wishes to stop the submissions for any reason. We must produce a custom XML-RPC submission program for each submission, and that is the reason we can not refund any moneys, sorry.
3) We can not guarantee a 100% success, but it will reach an average of 85 to 95% rate on successfull delivery as some Web sites may be temporarily down, busy, on temporary maintenance, or have some type of technical difficulty. We do however guarantee at least 2 more submissions (one or two days apart, not the same day) to all of the sites that have not succeeded in the first or second attempt. After the third try, we both will consider the service concluded despite of any unsuccessful submissions.
We suggest that you repeat this type of submissions for each Web site you own at least 3 or 4 times per year.

7Dec, 2011

Rules of the Road

Advertising and Marketing on the Internet

Rules of the Road

The Internet is connecting advertisers and marketers to customers from Boston to Bali with text, interactive graphics, video and audio. If you’re thinking about advertising on the Internet, remember that many of the same rules that apply to other forms of advertising apply to electronic marketing.
These rules and guidelines protect businesses and consumers – and help maintain the credibility of the Internet as an advertising medium. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has prepared this guide to give you an overview of some of the laws it enforces.
Advertising must tell the truth and not mislead consumers.
In addition, claims must be substantiated.

GENERAL OFFERS AND CLAIMS

PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
The Federal Trade Commission Act allows the FTC to act in the interest of all consumers to prevent deceptive and unfair acts or practices. In interpreting Section 5 of the Act, the Commission has determined that a representation, omission or practice is deceptive if it is likely to:
mislead consumers and
affect consumers’ behavior or decisions about the product or service.
In addition, an act or practice is unfair if the injury it causes, or is likely to cause, is:

substantial
not outweighed by other benefits and
not reasonably avoidable.

The FTC Act prohibits unfair or deceptive advertising in any medium. That is, advertising must tell the truth and not mislead consumers. A claim can be misleading if relevant information is left out or if the claim implies something that’s not true. For example, a lease advertisement for an automobile that promotes “$0 Down” may be misleading if significant and undisclosed charges are due at lease signing.
In addition, claims must be substantiated, especially when they concern health, safety, or performance. The type of evidence may depend on the product, the claims, and what experts believe necessary. If your ad specifies a certain level of support for a claim – “tests show X” – you must have at least that level of support.
Sellers are responsible for claims they make about their products and services. Third parties – such as advertising agencies or website designers and catalog marketers – also may be liable for making or disseminating deceptive representations if they participate in the preparation or distribution of the advertising, or know about the deceptive claims.
Advertising agencies or website designers are responsible for reviewing the information used to substantiate ad claims. They may not simply rely on an advertiser’s assurance that the claims are substantiated. In determining whether an ad agency should be held liable, the FTC looks at the extent of the agency’s participation in the preparation of the challenged ad, and whether the agency knew or should have known that the ad included false or deceptive claims.
To protect themselves, catalog marketers should ask for material to back up claims rather than repeat what the manufacturer says about the product. If the manufacturer doesn’t come forward with proof or turns over proof that looks questionable, the catalog marketer should see a yellow “caution light” and proceed appropriately, especially when it comes to extravagant performance claims, health or weight loss promises, or earnings guarantees. In writing ad copy, catalogers should stick to claims that can be supported. Most important, catalog marketers should trust their instincts when a product sounds too good to be true.
Other points to consider:
Disclaimers and disclosures must be clear and conspicuous. That is, consumers must be able to notice, read or hear, and understand the information. Still, a disclaimer or disclosure alone usually is not enough to remedy a false or deceptive claim.
Demonstrations must show how the product will perform under normal use.
Refunds must be made to dissatisfied consumers – if you promised to make them.
Advertising directed to children raises special issues. That’s because children may have greater difficulty evaluating advertising claims and understanding the nature of the information you provide. Sellers should take special care not to misrepresent a product or its performance when advertising to children. The Children’s Advertising Review Unit (CARU) of the Council of Better Business Bureaus has published specific guidelines for children’s advertising that you may find helpful.
Dot Com Disclosures: Information About Online Advertising, an FTC staff paper, provides additional information for online advertisers. The paper discusses the factors used to evaluate the clarity and conspicuousness of required disclosures in online ads. It also discusses how certain FTC rules and guides that use terms like “writing” or “printed” apply to Internet activities and how technologies such as email may be used to comply with certain rules and guides.

PROTECTING CONSUMERS’ PRIVACY ONLINE

The Internet provides unprecedented opportunities for the collection and sharing of information from and about consumers. But studies show that consumers have very strong concerns about the security and confidentiality of their personal information in the online marketplace. Many consumers also report being wary of engaging in online commerce, in part because they fear that their personal information can be misused.
These consumer concerns present an opportunity for you to build on consumer trust by implementing effective voluntary industry-wide practices to protect consumers’ information privacy. The FTC has held a number of workshops for industry, consumer groups and privacy advocates to explore industry guidelines to protect consumers’ privacy online.
In June 1998, the FTC issued Online Privacy: A Report to Congress. The Report noted that while over 85 percent of all websites collected personal information from consumers, only 14 percent of the sites in the FTC’s random sample of commercial websites provided any notice to consumers of the personal information they collect or how they use it. In May 2000, the FTC issued a follow-up report, Privacy Online: Fair Information Practices in the Electronic Marketplace. While the 2000 survey showed significant improvement in the percent of websites that post at least some privacy disclosures, only 20 percent of the random sample sites were found to have implemented four fair information practices: notice, choice, access and security. Even when the survey looked at the percentage of sites implementing the two critical practices of notice and choice, only 41 percent of the random sample provided such privacy disclosures. You can access the FTC’s privacy report at www.ftc.gov .
The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) and the FTC’s implementing Rule took effect April 21, 2000. Commercial websites directed to children under 13 years old or general audience sites that have actual knowledge that they are collecting information from a child must obtain parental permission before collecting such information.
The FTC also launched a special site at www.ftc.gov/kidzprivacy to help children, parents and site operators understand the provisions of COPPA and how the law will affect them.

LAWS ENFORCED BY THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION

Listed here are some FTC laws about specific marketing practices and the promotion of products and services in specific industries. For copies of the rules and commentaries relevant to your Internet enterprise, contact: Consumer Response Center, Federal Trade Commission, Washington, DC 20580; toll-free: 1-877-FTC-HELP (382-4357); TDD: 1-866-653-4261. Or visit the FTC at www.ftc.gov .

Business Opportunities

The Franchise and Business Opportunity Rule requires franchise and business opportunity sellers to give consumers a detailed disclosure document at least 10 days before the consumer pays any money or legally commits to a purchase. The document must include:

the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of other purchasers;
a fully-audited financial statement of the seller;
the background and experience of the business’s key executives;
the cost of starting and maintaining the business; and
the responsibilities of the seller and purchaser once the purchase is made.

In addition, companies that make earnings representations must give consumers the written basis for their claims, including the number and percentage of owners who have done at least as well as claimed.
See Franchising and Business Opportunity Ventures.

Multi-level marketing (MLM)

MLM – also known as “network” or “matrix” marketing – is a way of selling goods and services through distributors. These plans typically promise that people who sign up as distributors will get commissions two ways – on their own sales and on the sales their recruits have made.
Pyramid schemes – a form of multi-level marketing – involve paying commissions to distributors only for recruiting new distributors. Pyramid schemes are illegal in most states because the plans inevitably collapse when no new distributors can be recruited. When a plan collapses, most people – except those at the top of the pyramid – lose their money.
MLMs should pay commissions for the retail sales of goods or services, not for recruiting new distributors. MLMs that involve the sale of business opportunities or franchises, as defined by the Franchise Rule, must comply with the Rule’s requirements about disclosing the number and percentage of existing franchisees who have achieved the claimed results, as well as cautionary language.
See Franchising and Business Opportunity Ventures.
Credit and Financial Issues
The Truth in Lending Act requires creditors who deal with consumers to disclose information in writing about finance charges and related aspects of credit transactions, including finance charges expressed as an annual percentage rate. In addition, the Act establishes a three-day right of rescission in certain transactions involving the establishment of a security interest in the consumer’s principal dwelling (with certain exclusions, such as interests taken in connection with the purchase or initial construction of a dwelling). The Act also establishes certain requirements for advertisers of credit terms.
See Truth in Lending Act.
The Fair Credit Billing Act is important if you are a creditor billing customers for goods or services. The Act requires you to acknowledge consumer billing complaints promptly in writing and to investigate billing errors. The Act prohibits creditors from taking actions that adversely affect the consumer’s credit standing until the investigation is completed, and affords other consumer protections during disputes. The Act also requires that creditors promptly post payments to the consumer’s account, and either refund overpayments or credit them to the consumer’s account.
See The Fair Credit Billing Act.
The Fair Credit Reporting Act requires that consumer reporting agencies (CRAs) – such as credit bureaus and resellers of consumer reports – that provide information to creditors, insurers, employers, and others, do so with due regard for the confidentiality, accuracy, and legitimate use of such data. When those parties take adverse action on the basis of information in a credit report, they must identify the CRA that provided the report so that the consumer can learn how to get a copy to verify or contest its accuracy and completeness. Creditors and others may not knowingly provide false information to CRAs, which are required to maintain reasonable procedures to ensure the maximum possible accuracy of their data.
See Fair Credit Reporting Act, Credit Reports: What Information Providers Need to Know, Using Consumer Reports: What Employers Need to Know, and Consumer Reports: What Insurers Need to Know.
The Equal Credit Opportunity Act prohibits lenders from discriminating on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, receipt of public assistance income, or an applicant’s good faith exercise of any rights under the Consumer Credit Protection Act. The ECOA requires creditors to provide applicants with the reasons credit was denied if the applicant asks.
See Equal Credit Opportunity Act.
The Electronic Fund Transfer Act establishes the rights, liabilities, and responsibilities of participants in electronic fund transfer systems. The EFTA requires participants to adopt certain practices when they deal with transaction accounting and preauthorized transfers and error resolution, and sets liability limits for losses caused by unauthorized transfers.
See Electronic Fund Transfer Act.
The Consumer Leasing Act regulates personal property leases that exceed four months and are made to consumers for personal, family, or household purposes. The statute requires that certain lease costs and terms be disclosed, imposes limitations on the size of penalties for delinquency or default and on the size of residual liabilities, and in some instances, requires certain disclosures in lease advertising.
See Advertising Consumer Leases and How to Advertise Consumer Credit.
Environmental Claims
It’s deceptive to misrepresent – directly or indirectly – that a product offers a general environmental benefit. Your ads should qualify broad environmental claims – or avoid them altogether – to prevent deception about the specific nature of the benefit. In addition, your ads shouldn’t imply significant environmental benefits if the benefit isn’t significant. Say a trash bag is labeled “recyclable” without qualification. Because trash bags ordinarily are not separated from other trash for recycling at a landfill or incinerator, it is unlikely that they will be used again. Technically, the bag may be “recyclable,” but the claim is deceptive because it asserts an environmental benefit where there is no significant or meaningful benefit.
See Environmental Advertising and Marketing Practices Guide, and Complying with the Green Guides.
Free Products
A product that’s advertised as free if another is purchased – “buy one, get one” – indicates that the consumer will pay nothing for the one item and no more than the regular price for the other. Ads like these should describe all the terms and conditions of the free offer clearly and prominently.
See Guide Concerning the Use of the Word Free and Similar Representations.
Jewelry
The FTC’s Jewelry Guides tell you how to make accurate and truthful claims about jewelry you offer for sale.
The Guides cover claims made for gold, silver, platinum, pewter, diamonds, gemstones, and pearls and define how certain common terms may be used in ads. For example, the Guides explain when a product can be called “gold plated” or when a diamond can be called “flawless.”
The Guides also describe information that sellers should disclose in their ads so that consumers are not misled. For example, if you sell synthetic or imitation gemstones, you must tell the consumer that the gemstone is not natural. In addition, you should tell consumers if the pearls that you are selling are cultured or imitation, so that consumers are not misled about the type of pearl being offered.
See Guides for the Jewelry, Precious Metals and Pewter Industries.
Mail and Telephone Orders
According to the Mail or Telephone Order Merchandise Rule, you must have a reasonable basis for stating or implying that a product can be shipped within a certain time. If your ad doesn’t include a shipping statement, you must have a reasonable basis to believe you can ship within 30 days.
If you can’t ship when promised, you must notify the customer of the delay and the right to cancel. For definite delays of up to 30 days, you may treat the customer’s silence as agreement to the delay. For longer or indefinite delays, and second and subsequent delays, you must get the customer’s consent. If you don’t, you must promptly refund all the money the customer paid you without being asked.
You can give updated shipping information over the phone if your Internet ad prompts customers to call to place an order. This information may differ from what you said or implied about the shipping time in your ad. The updated phone information supersedes any shipping representation made in your ad, but you still must have a reasonable basis for the update.
See Complying with the FTC’s Mail or Telephone Order Merchandise Rule
Negative Option Offers
The Negative Option Rule applies to sellers of subscription plans who ship merchandise like books or compact discs to consumers who have agreed in advance to become subscribers. The Rule requires ads to clearly and conspicuously disclose material information about the terms of the plan. Further, once consumers agree to enroll, the company must notify them before shipping to allow them to decline the merchandise. Even if an automatic shipment or continuity program doesn’t fall within the specifics of the Rule, companies should be careful to clearly disclose the terms and conditions of the plan before billing consumers or charging their credit cards.
See Negative Option Rule.
900 Numbers
The 900-Number Rule requires that ads for pay-per-call services disclose the cost of the call. Ads for services that promote sweepstakes or games of chance, provide information about a federal program (but are not sponsored by a federal agency), or target individuals under 18 years of age require additional disclosures. Ads for 900-numbers cannot be directed to children under 12 unless the ads deal with a bona fide education service, as defined by the Rule.
See Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution Act and Complying with the 900-Number Rule.
Telemarketing
Advertisements promoting credit repair, promising loans for a fee in advance, or touting investment opportunities may trigger application of the FTC’s Telemarketing Sales Rule if the ad allows consumers to order goods or services by telephone. In general, this Rule does not apply to general media advertisements. If you’re advertising credit repair, advance fee loans, or investment opportunities, or offering to recover money paid in previous telemarketing transactions, however, the Rule likely applies to you. Among other things, the Rule requires that certain disclosures be made before a customer pays for the goods or services. The Rule also prohibits material misrepresentations.
See Complying with the Telemarketing Sales Rule.
Testimonials and Endorsements
Testimonials and endorsements must reflect the typical experiences of consumers, unless the ad clearly and conspicuously states otherwise. A statement that not all consumers will get the same results is not enough to qualify a claim. Testimonials and endorsements can’t be used to make a claim that the advertiser itself cannot substantiate.
Connections between an endorser and the company that are unclear or unexpected to a customer also must be disclosed, whether they have to do with a financial arrangement for a favorable endorsement, a position with the company, or stock ownership. Expert endorsements must be based on appropriate tests or evaluations performed by people that have mastered the subject matter.
See FTC Guides Concerning Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising.

Warranties and Guarantees
Warranties
The Rule on Pre-Sale Availability of Written Warranty Terms requires that warranties be available before purchase for consumer products that cost more than $15. If your ad mentions a warranty on a product that can be purchased by mail, phone or computer, it must tell consumers how to get a copy of the warranty.
See Pre-Sale Availability of Written Warranty Terms Rule.
Guarantees
If your ad uses phrases like “satisfaction guaranteed” or “money-back guarantee,” you must be willing to give full refunds for any reason. You also must tell the consumer the terms of the offer.
See Guides for the Advertising of Warranties and Guarantees, A Businessperson’s Guide to Federal Warranty Law, and Consumer Product Warranties.
Wool and Textile Products
The Textile and Wool Acts require you to disclose country of origin information in catalogs and other mail order advertising and in Internet ads that sell textile and wool products. The description of each advertised item must include a statement that it was made in the U.S.A., imported or both. A general statement in your ads that all products are either made in the U.S.A. or imported is not adequate.
Ads that say or imply anything about fiber content must disclose the generic fiber names (as assigned by the FTC) in order of predominance by weight. This requirement applies to all ads, whether or not they solicit direct sales. It is not necessary to state the percentage of each fiber, but fibers present in an amount less than 5 percent should be listed as “other fiber(s).” (There is an exception to the 5 percent requirement for fibers that have a functional significance even in an amount less than 5 percent.)
See Textile Fiber Products Identification Act and Calling It Cotton: Labeling and Advertising Cotton Products.
Made in the U.S.A.
A product has to be “all or virtually all made in the United States” for it to be advertised or labeled as “Made in the U.S.A.”
See Enforcement Policy Statement on U.S. Origin Claims.
NON-COMPLIANCE
The FTC periodically joins with other law enforcement agencies to monitor the Internet for potentially false or deceptive online advertising claims.
If your advertisements don’t comply with the law, you could face enforcement actions or civil lawsuits. For advertisers under the FTC’s jurisdiction, that could mean:
orders to cease and desist, with fines up to $11,000 per violation should they occur.
injunctions by federal district courts. Violations of some Commission rules also could result in civil penalties of up to $11,000 per violation. Violations of court orders could result in civil or criminal contempt proceedings.
in some instances, refunds to consumers for actual damages in civil lawsuits.
The FTC works for the consumer to prevent fraudulent, deceptive and unfair business practices in the marketplace and to provide information to help consumers spot, stop and avoid them.
To file a complaint or to get free information on consumer issues, visit www.ftc.gov or call toll-free, 1-877-FTC-HELP (1-877-382-4357); TTY: 1-866-653-4261. The FTC enters Internet, telemarketing, identity theft and other fraud-related complaints into Consumer Sentinel, a secure, online database available to hundreds of civil and criminal law enforcement agencies in the U.S. and abroad.
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION FOR THE CONSUMER
1-877-FTC-HELP www.ftc.gov
YOUR OPPORTUNITY TO COMMENT

The Small Business and Agriculture Regulatory Enforcement Ombudsman and 10 Regional Fairness Boards collect comments from small business about federal enforcement actions. Each year, the Ombudsman evaluates enforcement activities and rates each agency’s responsiveness to small business. To comment on FTC actions, call toll-free 1-888-734-3247.
www.ftc.gov/donotcall www.consumer.gov/idtheft www.ftc.gov/spam

15Nov, 2011

Alphabetical

10 Practical Ways to Protect Your Laptop Against Theft, Loss or Misplacement

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Security, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=563

7 Simple Rules For Creating A Profitable Website

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Webmaster Related, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=564

A Brief History of Unix

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: General, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=565

A little about VOIP

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Tutorial, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=566

A+ Study Guide

Keywords: A+ Plus Study Questions
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Tutorial, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=567

Add a Web Site to the Internet Explorer Favorites List

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Visual Basic 6, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=568

ALIAS

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=569

AWK

Keywords: Command Reference, GAWK
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=570

Basic Printer Troubleshooting Tips

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Hardware, Tips, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=571

Basics of Linux – the root directory

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Tutorial, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=572

Basics of the Cisco IOS

Keywords: 640-607:Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Networking, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=573

Better App.Path Function

Keywords: VB6, Visual Basic
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Visual Basic 6, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=574

BREAK

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=575

BUILTIN

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=576

Buying the right laptop computer

Keywords: hardware shopping advice
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Tips, Hardware, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=577

CAL

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=578

Cannot join workstation to domain

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Active Directory, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows 2000 Server, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=579

CASE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=580

CAT

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=581

CD

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=582

CFDISK

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=583

Change the Extension of Files in a Specified Folder

Keywords: VB6, Visual Basic
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Visual Basic 6, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=584

CHGRP

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=585

CHMOD

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=586

CHOWN

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=587

CHROOT

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=588

Cisco Router Configuration Basics

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Networking, Tutorial
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=589

CKSUM

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=590

CMP

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=591

COMM

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=592

COMMAND

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=593

Command Prompt Fun with Linux

Keywords: Command Prompt
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Tutorial, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=594

CONTINUE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=595

CP

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=596

CRON

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=597

CRONTAB

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=598

CSPLIT

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=599

CUT

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=600

DATE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=601

DC

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=602

DD

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=603

DECLARE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=604

Defragging your hard drive

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: General, Hardware, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=605

DF

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=606

Diagnosing Problems with Your Computer Memory

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Hardware, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=607

Dial-on-Demand Routing

Keywords: 640-607:Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Networking, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=608

DIFF

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=609

DIFF3

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=610

Difference between RIPv1 and RIPv2

Keywords: RIP RIPv1 RIPv2
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Networking, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=611

DIG

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=612

DIR

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=613

DIRCOLORS

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=614

DIRNAME

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=615

DIRS

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=616

DU

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=617

ECHO

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=618

EGREP

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=619

ENABLE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=620

ENV

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=621

EVAL

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=622

EXEC

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=623

EXPAND

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=624

EXPORT

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=625

EXPR

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=626

FALSE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=627

FDFORMAT

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=628

FDISK

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=629

FGREP

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=630

FIND

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=631

FMT

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=632

FOLD

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=633

FOR

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=634

Frame Relay Concepts

Keywords: 640-607:Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Networking, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=635

FSCK

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=636

FUNCTION

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=637

Get the current username

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Visual Basic 6, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=638

GETOPTS

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=639

GREP

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=640

GROUPS

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=641

GZIP

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=642

HASH

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=643

HEAD

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=644

HISTORY

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=645

HOSTNAME

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=646

How to change your Piczo password

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Tutorial, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=647

How to clean an LCD Screen

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Tutorial, General, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=648

How to get back links to your site without spamming

Keywords: Backlinks
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Webmaster Related, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=649

How to restore the IIS Metabase

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: IIS, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=650

How to Use a RAM Drive to Troubleshoot Memory

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Tips, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=651

How to Use the Out of Office Assistant

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Tutorial, Outlook, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=652

How Virtual LANs (VLANS) Work

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=653

ID

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=654

IEEE 802.11 Architecture

Keywords: Wireless LAN Tutorial Part 2
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Tutorial, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=655

IEEE 802.11 Standards

Keywords: Wireless LAN Tutorial Part 5
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Tutorial, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=656

IF

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=657

IFCONFIG

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=658

IMPORT

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=659

INSTALL

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=660

Introduction to Bridging and Switching

Keywords: 640-607:Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Networking, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=661

Introduction to Linux

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Tutorial, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=662

Introduction to Wireless LAN and IEEE 802.11

Keywords: Wireless LAN Tutorial Part 1
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Tutorial, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=663

IOS Location Process

Keywords: 640-607:Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Networking, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=664

IP Addressing

Keywords: 640-607:Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Networking, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=665

ISDN BRI Concepts

Keywords: 640-607:Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Networking, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=666

JOIN

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=667

KILL

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=668

Layer 2 Encapsulation Protocols

Keywords: 640-607:Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Networking, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=669

LESS

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=670

LET

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=671

Linux Command History Feature

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Tutorial, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=672

LN

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=673

LOCAL

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=674

LOCATE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=675

LOGNAME

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=676

Logoff or Shutdown Linux

Keywords: Shutdown Logoff
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Tutorial, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=677

LOGOUT

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=678

LOOK

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=679

LP

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=680

LPR

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=681

LPRM

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=682

LS

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=683

Major Components of a Router

Keywords: 640-607:Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Networking, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=684

MAN

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=685

Misuse of Network Time Server Systems

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Security, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=686

MKDIR

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=687

MKFIFO

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=688

MKNOD

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=689

MONITOR

Keywords: Command Reference, Resource Kit
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=690

MORE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=691

MOUNT

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=692

MTOOLS

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=693

MV

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=694

NICE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=695

NL

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=696

NOHUP

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=697

NSLOOKUP

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Networking, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=698

Open Systems Interconnection(OSI) Model

Keywords: 640-607:Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Networking, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=699

PASSWD

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=700

PASTE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=701

PAUSE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=702

PERMS.exe

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows 2000, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=703

PING

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=704

PING

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Networking, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=704

POPD

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=705

POPD

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=705

PORTQRY

Keywords: Command Reference, Download
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=706

PR

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=707

PRINT

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=708

PRINTF

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=709

PRNCNFG.VBS

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=710

PRNMNGR

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=711

PROMPT

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=712

PS

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=713

PUSHD

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=714

PUSHD

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=714

PWD

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=715

QGREP

Keywords: Command Reference, Windows 2000 resource kit
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows 2000, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=716

QUOTA

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=717

QUOTACHECK

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=718

QUOTACTL

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=719

RAM

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=720

RASDIAL

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=721

RASPHONE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=722

RCP

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=723

RD

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=724

RDISK

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=725

READ

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=726

READONLY

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=727

RECOVER

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=728

REG

Keywords: Command Reference, NT Resource Kit W2K Support Tools
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=729

REGEDIT

Keywords: Command Reference,Registry
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=730

REGSVR32

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=731

REM

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=732

REN

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=733

REPLACE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=734

RETURN

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Linux), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=735

Ring Topology

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=736

RM

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=737

RMDIR

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=738

RMTSHARE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=739

ROBOCOPY

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=740

ROUTE.EXE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=741

Routing

Keywords: 640-607:Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Networking, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=742

RSYNC

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=743

RUNAS

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows 2000, Windows XP, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=744

RUNDLL32

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=745

SC

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=746

SCHTASKS

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=747

SCLIST

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=748

Server Load Balancing

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: General, Hardware, Webmaster Related
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=749

SET

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=750

SETLOCAL

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=751

SETX.EXE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=752

Share.vbs

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=753

SHIFT

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=754

SHORTCUT

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=755

SHOWGRPS

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=756

SHUTDOWN

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=757

SLEEP

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=758

SOON

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=759

SORT

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=760

Star Topology

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=761

START

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=762

SU

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=763

SUBINACL

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=764

SUBST

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=765

SYSTEMINFO

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows XP, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=766

TASKLIST

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=767

TCP/IP Overview

Keywords: 640-607:Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Networking, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=768

Ten Commandments for C Programmers

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: General, Tutorial, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=769

The Importance Of Tape Backup

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: General, Tips, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=770

TIME

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=771

TIMEOUT

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=772

TITLE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=773

Top Ten Web Design Mistakes

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Webmaster Related, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=774

TOUCH

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=775

TRACERT

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Networking, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=776

TREE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=777

Tree Topology

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=778

TYPE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=779

Types of Attacks on Web Servers

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Security, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=780

Types of VPN

Keywords: Cisco
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Tutorial, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=781

Understanding Access Lists

Keywords: 640-607:Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Networking, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=782

Understanding MP4 Players

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Tips, Hardware, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=783

VER

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=784

VERIFY

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=785

Virtual Consoles in Linux

Keywords: Virtual Console
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Tutorial, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Linux, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=786

VOL

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=787

WAN Concepts and Terminology

Keywords: 640-607:Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Cisco, Networking, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=788

What is computer networking?

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Tutorial, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=789

What is Telnet?

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Forms, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=790

What You Should Know About Data Backup And Restore Procedures

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: General, Tips, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=791

WHERE

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=792

WHOAMI

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=793

Why your office needs a knowledgebase

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: General, Tips, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=794

WiFi Security

Keywords: Wireless LAN Tutorial Part 9
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Tutorial, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=795

WiFi Security Tips

Keywords:�
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Tips, Security
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=796

WiFi: A little about 802.11b

Keywords: Wireless LAN Tutorial Part 6
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Tutorial, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=797

WiFi: High Speed with 802.11a

Keywords: Wireless LAN Tutorial Part 7
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Tutorial, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=798

WiFi: The Data Link Layer

Keywords: Wireless LAN Tutorial Part 4
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Tutorial, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=799

WiFi: The Physical Layer

Keywords: Wireless LAN Tutorial Part 3
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Networking, Tutorial, Forms
Applies To: Fedora 15, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=800

WINDIFF

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=801

WINMSD

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=802

WINMSDP

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=803

WMIC

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=804

XCACLS

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=805

XCOPY

Keywords: Command Reference
Date Entered: 10/22/2011 7:20:00 PM
Categories: Commandline (Windows), Forms, Forms
Applies To: Windows, Fedora 15, Fedora 15
More at: http://www.daprose.com/?p=806

15Nov, 2011

XCOPY

Copy files and/or directory trees to another folder. XCOPY is similar to the COPY command except that it has additional switches to specify both the source and destination in detail.
XCOPY is particularly useful when copying files from CDROM to a hard drive, as it will automatically remove the read-only attribute.
Syntax:
XCOPY source [destination] [options]
Key:
source : Pathname for the file(s) to be copied.
destination : Pathname for the new file(s).
[options] can be any combination of the following:
Source Options:
/A Copy files with the archive attribute set (default=Y)
/M Copy files with the archive attribute set and turn off the archive attribute, use this option when making regular Backups (default=Y) /H Copy hidden and system files and folders (default=N)
/D:mm-dd-yyyy Copy files that have changed since mm-dd-yyyy. If no date is given, the default is to copy files with a modification date before today. (at least 1 day before)
/U Copy only files that already exist in destination.
/S Copy folders and subfolders
/E Copy folders and subfolders, including Empty folders. May be used to modify /T.
/EXCLUDE:file1[+file2][+file3]…
(Windows 2000 only) The files can each contain one or more full or partial pathnames to be excluded.
When any of these match any part of the absolute path of a SOURCE file, then that file will be excluded.
For example, specifying a string like obj or .obj will exclude all files underneath the directory obj or all files with the .obj extension respectively.
Copy Options:
/W Prompt you to press a key before starting to copy.
/P Prompt before creating each file.
/Y (Windows 2000 only) Suppress prompt to confirm overwriting a file. may be preset in the COPYCMD env variable.
/-Y (Windows 2000 only) Prompt to confirm overwriting a file. /V Verify that the new files were written correctly.
/C Continue copying even if an error occurs.
/I If in doubt always assume the destination is a folder e.g. when the destination does not exist. /Z Copy files in restartable mode. If the copy is interrupted part way through, it will restart if possible. (use on slow networks)
/Q Do not display file names while copying.
/F Display full source and destination file names while copying.
/L List only – Display files that would be copied.
Destination Options:
/R Overwrite read-only files.
/T Create folder structure, but do not copy files. Do not include empty folders or subfolders. /T /E will include empty folders and subfolders.
/K Copy attributes. XCOPY will otherwise reset read-only attributes. /N If at all possible, use only a short filename (8.3) when creating a destination file. This may be nececcary when copying between disks that are formatted differently e.g NTFS and VFAT, or when archiving data to an ISO9660 CDROM.
/O (Windows 2000 only) copy file Ownership and ACL information.
/X Copy file audit settings (implies /O).XCOPY will accept UNC pathnames
Examples:
To copy a file:
XCOPY C:utilsMyFile D:BackupCopyFile
To copy a folder:
XCOPY C:utils D:Backuputils /i
To copy a folder including all subfolders.
XCOPY C:utils* D:Backuputils /s /i
The /i defines the destination as a folder.
Notes
In many cases the functionality of XCOPY is superseded by ROBOCOPY.
To force the overwriting of destination files under both NT4 and Windows2000 use the COPYCMD environment variable:
SET COPYCMD=/Y
This will turn off the prompt in Win2000 and will be ignored by NT4 (which overwrites by default).
When comparing Dates/Times the granularity (the finest increment of the timestamp) is 2 seconds for a FAT volume and 0.1 microsecond for an NTFS volume.
The WinXP version of XCOPY will accept wildcards for the source e.g. *.txt
It is also more forgiving with trailing backslashes

15Nov, 2011

XCACLS

Display or modify Access Control Lists (ACLs) for files and folders.
Syntax:
XCACLS filename [options] XCACLS filename
Key:
If no options are specified XCACLS will display the ACLs for the file(s)
options can be any combination of:
/T Traverse all subfolders and change all matching files found.
/E Edit ACL instead of replacing it.
/x Edit ACL instead of replacing it; affect only ACEs that this user already owns*
/R user Revoke all access rights from the given user.
/D user Deny specified user access, this will over-ride all other permissions the user has. /C Continue on access denied errors.
/Y Replace user’s rights without verify
/P user:permision[;FolderSpec] Replace user’s rights. see /G option below
/G user:permision[;FolderSpec] Grant specified user access rights, permision can be:
r Read
c Change (write)
f Full control
p Change Permissions (Special access)
o Take Ownership (Special access)
x EXecute (Special access)
e REad (Special access)
w Write (Special access)
d Delete (Special access)
t Used only by FolderSpec. see below
* Option only valid in Windows 2003FolderSpec is a permission applied to a folder. If FolderSpec is not specified then permission will apply to both files and folders.
This allows you to set different permissions that will apply (through inheritance) when new files are added to the folder.
FolderSpec = ;T@ where @ is one of the rights above, when this is specified new files will inherit FolderSpec instead of permission. At least one folder access right must follow the T For example ;TF will apply full control (but ;FT is not valid)
Wildcards can be used to specify more that one file in a command. You can specify more than one user in a command. You can combine access rights.
Versions:
When running this command it is important to use the correct version (NTFS standards have changed with different versions of Windows and XCACLS has been updated to suit)
Early versions of xcacls may give unpredictable results against an NTFS v5 partition.
xcacls.vbs is described in Q825751 and can be downloaded here – xcacls.vbs is an unsupported utility that addresses a limitation with the original xcacls.exe, specifically the inability to append permissions to a folder whose child objects have the inheritance flag set. The .vbs version does not suppport unc paths.
Examples:
:: Allow guests the right to read and execute in MyFolder
XCACLS MyFolder /E /G guests:rx
:: Allow guests the Full Control permission in MyFolder and all subfolders
XCACLS MyFolder /T /E /G guests:f
:: Grant guests only read access to all files in and below MyFolder,
:: new folders created will be Read Access only, new files will not inherit any rights.
XCACLS MyFolder /T /P guests:R;Tr
:: Grant guests only execute access to all files in and below MyFolder
XCACLS MyFolder /T /P guests:x
:: Take Ownership of "Application Data" folder and grant Administrators Full control (:OF)
:: Preserve existing permissions (/E) & apply to subfolders (/T)
XCACLS "Application Data" /E /g Administrators:OF /T

15Nov, 2011

WMIC

Windows Management Instrumentation Command.
Read a huge range of information about local or remote computers. Also provides a way to make configuration changes to multiple remote machines.
Syntax
Retrieve information about :
WMIC [global_switches] [/locale:ms_409] [options] [format]
Interactive mode:
WMIC
Aliases:
ALIAS – Access local system aliases [CALL]
BASEBOARD – Base board management (motherboard or system board)
BIOS – BIOS management (Basic input/output services)
BOOTCONFIG – Boot configuration
CDROM – CD-ROM
COMPUTERSYSTEM – Computer system [CALL/SET]
CPU – CPU
CSPRODUCT – Computer system product information from SMBIOS.
DATAFILE – DataFiles [CALL]
DCOMAPP – DCOM Applications.
DESKTOP – User&qt;&qt;s Desktop
DESKTOPMONITOR – Desktop Monitor
DEVICEMEMORYADDRESS – Device memory addresses
DISKDRIVE – Physical disk drive
DISKQUOTA – Disk space usage for NTFS volumes.[SET]
DMACHANNEL – Direct memory access (DMA) channel
ENVIRONMENT – System environment settings [SET]
FSDIR – Filesystem directory entry [CALL]
GROUP – Group account [CALL]
IDECONTROLLER – IDE Controller
IRQ – Interrupt request line
JOB – Jobs scheduled using the schedule service.[CALL]
LOADORDER – System services that define execution dependencies.
LOGICALDISK – Local storage devices [CALL/SET]
LOGON – LOGON Sessions.
MEMCACHE – Cache memory
MEMLOGICAL – System memory, layout and availability
MEMPHYSICAL – Physical memory management
NETCLIENT – Network Client management.
NETLOGIN – Network login information for a particular user.
NETPROTOCOL – Protocols (and their network characteristics).
NETUSE – Active network connection.
NIC – Network Interface Controller (NIC)
NICCONFIG – Network adapter. [CALL]
NTDOMAIN – NT Domain. [SET]
NTEVENT – NT Event Log.
NTEVENTLOG – NT eventlog file [CALL/SET]
ONBOARDDEVICE – Common adapter devices built into the motherboard.
OS – Operating System/s [CALL/SET]
PAGEFILE – Virtual memory file swapping
PAGEFILESET – Page file settings [SET]
PARTITION – Partitioned areas of a physical disk.
PORT – I/O ports
PORTCONNECTOR – Physical connection ports
PRINTER – Printer device [CALL/SET]
PRINTERCONFIG – Printer device configuration
PRINTJOB – Print job [CALL]
PROCESS – Processes [CALL]*
PRODUCT – Windows Installer [CALL]
QFE – Quick Fix Engineering (patches)
QUOTASETTING – Setting information for disk quotas on a volume. [SET]
REGISTRY – Computer system registry [SET]
SCSICONTROLLER – SCSI Controller [CALL]
SERVER – Server information
SERVICE – Service application [CALL]
SHARE – Shared resourcees [CALL]
SOFTWAREELEMENT – Elements of a software product*
SOFTWAREFEATURE – Subsets of SoftwareElement. [CALL]*
SOUNDDEV – Sound Devices
STARTUP – Commands that run automatically when users logon
SYSACCOUNT – System account
SYSDRIVER – System driver for a base service. [CALL]
SYSTEMENCLOSURE – Physical system enclosure
SYSTEMSLOT – Physical connection points including ports,
slots and peripherals, and proprietary connections points.
TAPEDRIVE – Tape drives
TEMPERATURE – Temperature sensor (electronic thermometer).
TIMEZONE – Time zone data
UPS – Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
USERACCOUNT – User accounts [CALL/SET]
VOLTAGE – Voltage sensor (electronic voltmeter) data
VOLUME – Local storage volume [CALL/SET]
VOLUMEQUOTASETTING – Associates the disk quota setting with a specific disk volume. [SET]
WMISET – WMI service operational parameters [SET]
New aliases in Windows 2003:
MEMORYCHIP – Memory chip information.
RDACCOUNT – Remote Desktop connection permission [CALL]
RDNIC – Remote Desktop connection on a specific network adapter [CALL/SET]
RDPERMISSIONS – Permissions to a specific Remote Desktop connection [CALL]
RDTOGGLE – Turn Remote Desktop listener on or off remotely[CALL]
RECOVEROS – Blue Screen Information [SET]
SHADOWCOPY – Shadow copy management [CALL]
SHADOWSTORAGE – Shadow copy storage areas [CALL/SET]
VOLUMEUSERQUOTA – Per user storage volume quotas [SET]
Options
By default an alias will return a standard LIST of information, you can also choose to GET one or more specific properties.
Configuration changes can be made, where indicated above with: [CALL or SET ]
The CREATE and DELETE options allow you to change the WMI schema itself.
alias
alias LIST [BRIEF | FULL | INSTANCE | STATUS |SYSTEM | WRITEABLE]
[/TRANSLATE:BasicXml|NoComma ]
[/EVERY:no_secs] [/FORMAT:format]
alias GET [property list]
[/VALUE ] [/ALL ] [/TRANSLATE:BasicXml|NoComma ]
[/EVERY:no_secs] [/FORMAT:format]
alias CALL method_name [parameters]
alias SET [assignments]
alias CREATE
alias DELETE
alias ASSOC [/RESULTCLASS:classname] [/RESULTROLE:rolename][/ASSOCCLASS:assocclass]
For more help
WMIC /locale:ms_409 /alias /?
WMIC /locale:ms_409 /alias option /?
e.g.
WMIC /locale:ms_409 /BIOS /CALL /?
WMIC /locale:ms_409 /MEMLOGICAL /SET /?The order of the /FORMAT and /TRANSLATE switches is significant: if /TRANSLATE follows /FORMAT, the output is formatted first and then translated.
All the options above can be extended with a WHERE clause, best shown by the examples below:
Format:
Format defines the layout of the information:
csv.xsl, hform.xsl, htable-sortby.xsl, htable.xsl texttable.xsl, textvaluelist.xsl, xml.xsl
All output files are unicode text (convert to ASCII with TYPE)
Tab Separated Values (.tsv) can be opened in excel Examples
WMIC /locale:ms_409 OS
WMIC OS LIST BRIEF
WMIC OS GET csname, locale, bootdevice
WMIC /locale:ms_409 NTEVENT where LogFile=&qt;&qt;system&qt;&qt;
WMIC NTEVENT where "LogFile=&qt;&qt;system&qt;&qt; and Type>&qt;&qt;0&qt;&qt;"
WMIC SERVICE where (state=”running”) GET caption, name, state > services.tsv
WMIC SERVICE where caption=&qt;&qt;TELNET&qt;&qt; CALL STARTSERVICE
WMIC PRINTER LIST STATUS
WMIC PRINTER where PortName="LPT1:" GET PortName, Name, ShareName
WMIC /INTERACTIVE:ON PRINTER where PortName="LPT1:" DELETE
WMIC PROCESS where name=&qt;&qt;evil.exe&qt;&qt; delete
WMIC /output:"&qt;computername&qt;.txt" MEMORYCHIP where "memorytype=17" get Capacity
Interactive mode:
C:>START "Windows Management" WMIC
wmic:rootcli>/locale:ms_409
wmic:rootcli>OS get csname
wmic:rootcli>quit
Notes
WMIC is available on Windows XP Professional and Windows 2003. To retrieve WMI information from older remote machines download & install: WMI core for Win 9x / WMI core for Win NT 4
The availability of WMI information does vary across different versions of Windows
e.g. ODBC, SNMP, Windows Installer.
To run WMIC requires administrator rights.
In Windows 2000, around 4,000 properties can be monitored, and around 40 can be configured.
In Windows XP around 6,000 properties can be monitored, and around 140 can be configured.
Windows 2003 offers a few improvements and bug fixes: the global option /locale:ms_409 is not required (it defaults to English US.)
When you type WMIC for the first time in Windows 2003 all the aliases are compiled. The second, and subsequent times you run WMIC, it will start immediately. Under XP WMIC is slower to initialise, therefore to run several WMI queries it can be quicker to use interactive mode.
* WMI information for installed software packages (PACKAGE and SOFTWAREFEATURE) is often incomplete and inconsistent for a variety of historical reasons. A more reliable method is to retrieve a list of installed programs directly from the Add/Remove list in the registry, with a WSH script like this from Torgeir Bakken.

15Nov, 2011

WINMSDP

Windows NT diagnostics II
Reports: Memory use, Services, Devices, IRQ&qt;&qt;s Ports, Environment variables,
Network (rights, transport, stats), Hardware including Display adapter.

Syntax
WINMSDP option

Key (only one option can be used)

/a : ALL prints everything

/e : environment
/d : drives
/i : interrupt resources
/m : memory
/n : network
/o : OS version
/p : port resources
/r : drivers
/s : services
/u : DMA resources
/w : hardware
/y : memory resources
The output is very similar to WINMSD if a little more detailed.

The output will appear in a text file called msdrpt.TXT

15Nov, 2011

WINMSD

Microsoft Windows diagnostics
Reports: Memory use, Services, Devices, IRQ&qt;&qt;s Ports, Environment variables,
Network (rights, transport, stats), Hardware including Display adapter.

Syntax
WINMSD [\computername] options

Options:
/a All details
/s Summary details only
/f Send output to a file in the current directory
/p Send output to a printer

WINMSD with no switches will open the GUI with details of the computer you are logged into.

When a remote computername is specified then less info will be reported
e.g. Diskspace and Memory won&qt;&qt;t be listedHot keys within the GUI:

SHIFT – F2 copies the current tab to the clipboard,
F2 copies a summary of the current tab to the clipboard

Winmsd in Windows 2000 will actually run Msinfo32 –
mmc.exe /s "C:Program FilesCommon FilesMicrosoft SharedMSInfoMSInfo32.msc"

It is advisable to have the SERVER service running, if not – winmsd will show a warning dialogue.

Spooling output to file – if you have the resource kit WINMSDP allows more control over this.

15Nov, 2011

WINDIFF

Compare the contents of two files or sets of files with a graphical interface.

Syntax
windiff [path1] [path2]

Key
path Individual files to compare
or a directory of files to compareIf either path is not specified it will default to the current directory (or a matching file in the current directory)

If nothing is specified, the GUI will appear – select files to compare with the menus.

White background = parts common to both files.
Red background = parts that belong to the file listed on the left .
Yellow background = parts that belong to the file listed on the right .

Registry files (exported with regedit) can also be compared. Also see the help file Windiff.hlp.

15Nov, 2011

WiFi: The Physical Layer

The three physical layers originally defined in 802.11 included two spread-spectrum radio techniques and a diffuse infrared specification.

The radio-based standards operate within the 2.4 GHz ISM band. These frequency bands are recognized by international regulatory agencies radio operations. As such, 802.11-based products do not require user licensing or special training.

Spread-spectrum techniques, in addition to satisfying regulatory requirements, increase reliability, boost throughput, and allow many unrelated products to share the spectrum without explicit cooperation and with minimal interference.

The original 802.11 wireless standard defines data rates of 1 Mbps and 2 Mbps via radio waves using frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) or direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS). It is important to note that FHSS and DSSS are fundamentally different signaling mechanisms and will not interoperate with one another.

Using the frequency hopping technique, the 2.4 GHz band is divided into 75 1-MHz subchannels. The sender and receiver agree on a hopping pattern, and data is sent over a sequence of the subchannels. Each conversation within the 802.11 network occurs over a different hopping pattern, and the patterns are designed to minimize the chance of two senders using the same subchannel simultaneously.

FHSS techniques allow for a relatively simple radio design, but are limited to speeds of no higher than 2 Mbps. This limitation is driven primarily by FCC (Federal Communications Commission USA) regulations that restrict subchannel bandwidth to 1 MHz. These regulations force FHSS systems to spread their usage across the entire 2.4 GHz band, meaning they must hop often, which leads to a high amount of hopping overhead.

In contrast, the direct sequence signaling technique divides the 2.4 GHz band into 14 22-MHz channels. Adjacent channels overlap one another partially, with three of the 14 being completely non-overlapping. Data is sent across one of these 22 MHz channels without hopping to other channels.

To compensate for noise on a given channel, a technique called “chipping” is used. Each bit of user data is converted into a series of redundant bit patterns called “chips.” The inherent redundancy of each chip combined with spreading the signal across the 22 MHz channel provides for a form of error checking and correction; even if part of the signal is damaged, it can still be recovered in many cases, minimizing the need for retransmissions.

MyNich

MyNich

Yearly Archives: 2011

Search-Engine Registration

We comply with the latest XML-RPC v.2.0 specification

Rules of the Road

Rules of the Road

GENERAL OFFERS AND CLAIMS

PROTECTING CONSUMERS’ PRIVACY ONLINE

LAWS ENFORCED BY THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION

Business Opportunities

Multi-level marketing (MLM)

Alphabetical

Knowledge Base (KB)

10 Practical Ways to Protect Your Laptop Against Theft, Loss or Misplacement

7 Simple Rules For Creating A Profitable Website

A Brief History of Unix

A little about VOIP

A+ Study Guide

Add a Web Site to the Internet Explorer Favorites List

ALIAS

AWK

Basic Printer Troubleshooting Tips

Basics of Linux – the root directory

Basics of the Cisco IOS

Better App.Path Function

BREAK

BUILTIN

Buying the right laptop computer

CAL

Cannot join workstation to domain

CASE

CAT

CD

CFDISK

Change the Extension of Files in a Specified Folder

CHGRP

CHMOD

CHOWN

CHROOT

Cisco Router Configuration Basics

CKSUM

CMP

COMM

COMMAND

Command Prompt Fun with Linux

CONTINUE

CP

CRON

CRONTAB

CSPLIT

CUT

DATE

DC

DD

DECLARE

Defragging your hard drive

DF

Diagnosing Problems with Your Computer Memory

Dial-on-Demand Routing

DIFF

DIFF3

Difference between RIPv1 and RIPv2

DIG

DIR

DIRCOLORS

DIRNAME

DIRS

DU

ECHO

EGREP

ENABLE

ENV

EVAL

EXEC

EXPAND

EXPORT

EXPR

FALSE

FDFORMAT